See: heresy - althod - khafir - kuffar
Khafir kuffār Althod: Traditional Catholic Prayers: التهود (هرطقة): البدع و الهرطقات | St-Takla.org
تاريخ الكنيسة القبطية الأرثوذكسية
مذكرات في تاريخ الكنيسة المسيحية - القمص ميخائيل جريس ميخائيل
37- البدع والهرطقات الأولى:
1) التهُّود
يهدف أصحاب هذا الاتجاه إلى ربط أنفسهم بالناموس اليهودي القديم، وإدماج المسيحية باليهودية، بحيث يصبح الإنجيل هو الناموس القديم محسنا ومكملا. أنهم يعتبرون المسيح مجرد نبي، وموسي الثاني. وهم ينكرون ويغفلون طبيعته الإلهية ووظائفه ككاهن وملك. كان هؤلاء المسيحيون المتهودون في حقيقتهم يهود، وفي ظاهرهم مسيحيين بالاسم.. وقد مارسوا وأتموا ناموس موسي الأدبي والطقسي، واعتبروه ملزما لهم، وأنه لازم للخلاص. ولم يفهموا المسيحية على أنها ديانة عامة مسكونية جديدة، متحررة من الناموس القديم..
سيمون الساحر 
مذكرات في تاريخ الكنيسة 
القمص ميخائيل جريسالقديس متياس 
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The Ebionite Gnostics aimed at misusing the ancient Jewish law, by proponents of this tendency, to bind themselves by that ancient Jewish law, and the integration of Christianity with Judaism, so that they supposed the Bible was the old law improved and complementary to the New Law of Grace in Christ. They only consider Jesus a prophet, and Moses no more than one prophet of many. They deny and ignore Christ's divine nature and functions as a priest and a king. They were heretical Christians in that they were actually still only Jews, and Christians outwardly in name only. They claimed that they had been formed and completed by the moral and ceremonial law of Moses, and regarded that as binding on them, and necessary for salvation; they did not understand that Christianity as a religion is a new age and world, free of the old law.
On the opposite side, some gentile converts tried to break with the past community, and cut themselves off from them, unlike the Christians who would call this heterodox (heretics Almtamma) and named them as Gnostics by the Greek word falsely applied by themselves meaning Gnosis (knowledge).
Simon the Sorcerer 
Notes in the history of the church 
Father Michael GraceSt. Matthias 
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