While Jerry Falwell may be one of the most       influential Christian Zionists, he is also a figurehead,       along with Pat Robertson, for a much wider alliance of over       150 influential fundamentalist Christian leaders including       Oral Roberts, Mike Evans, Tim LaHaye, Kenneth Copeland, Paul       Crouch, Ed McAteer, Jim Bakker, Franklin Graham, James       Dobson, Chuck Missler and Jimmy Swaggart who have all taken       a pro-Zionist stance in their writings or broadcasts.
        These Christian leaders and their organisations have regular       access to over 100 million Christians, more than 100,000       pastors and combined budgets of well in excess of $300       million per annum. They form a broad and immensely powerful       coalition which is both shaping and driving US foreign       policy on the Middle East as well as Christian support for       Israel today. 
“My great fear is that President Bush is ignorantly        leading the United States into God’s judgment. For God        warns that He will judge all nations that have        contributed to keeping Israel from living in the land He        sovereignly gave them.”
[101]        
       Christians are left in no doubt        which side to ‘uphold.’ On the 1st January 2002 edition        of the CBN 700 Club, Pat Robertson warned that if the US
        ‘wants to interfere with Bible        prophecy and wants to move in and wrest East Jerusalem        away from the Jews and give it to Yasser Arafat … heaven        help this nation of ours … If the United States takes        East Jerusalem back and makes it the capital of the        Palestinian State, then we are asking for the wrath of        God to fall on this nation.’[102]        
        
       Robertson even suggests that        Rabin’s assassination was an act of God, a judgement for        his betrayal of his own people: ‘This is God’s land and        God has strong words about someone who parts and divides        His land. The rabbis put a curse on Yitzhak Rabin when        he began cutting up the land.’[103]       
                 Such pronouncements        coming from highly influential Christian leaders appear        little different from those of Muslim fundamentalists        who call for a ‘holy war’ against the West.  Karen        Armstrong is not alone in tracing within Western        Christian Zionism evidence of the legacy of the        Crusades. Such fundamentalists have, she claims,        ‘returned to a classical and extreme religious        crusading.’[104]
                 
       7. Conclusions: The Political        Implications of Christian Zionism
       We have seen how Christian Zionism        as a movement has profound and deeply destructive        political consequences. Christian Zionists have shown        varying degrees of enthusiasm for implementing six basic        theological convictions that arise from their literal        and futurist reading of the Bible: 
       1.    The belief that the Jews        remain God’s chosen people leads Christian Zionists to a        justification for Israel’s military occupation of        Palestine. 
       2.    As God’s chosen people, the        final restoration of the Jews to Israel is therefore        actively encouraged and facilitated through partnerships        between Christian organisations and the Jewish Agency.
       3.    Eretz Israel, as delineated        in scripture, belongs exclusively to the Jewish people,        therefore the land must be annexed and the settlements        adopted and strengthened.
       4.    Jerusalem is regarded as the        eternal and exclusive capital of the Jews, and cannot be        shared with the Palestinians. Therefore, strategically,        Western governments are placed under pressure by        Christian Zionists to relocate their embassies to        Jerusalem and thereby recognise the fact.
       5.    The Third Temple has yet to        be built, the priesthood consecrated and sacrifices        reinstituted. As dispensational Christian Zionists, in        particular, believe this is prophesied, they offer        varying degrees of support to the Jewish Temple Mount        organisations committed to achieving it.
       6.    Since Christian Zionists are        convinced there will be an apocalyptic war between good        and evil in the near future, there is no prospect for        lasting peace between Jews and Arabs. Indeed, to        advocate Israel compromise with Islam or coexist with        Palestinians is to identify with those destined to        oppose God and Israel in the imminent battle of        Armageddon. 
        
       Clearly, not all Christian Zionists        embrace these views with the same degree of conviction        or involvement. Nevertheless, it has been argued, the        overall consequences of such uncritical support for the        State of Israel, especially among Evangelicals, is        inherently and pathologically destructive, not least to        the very Jewish people they claim to love. At the first        major international and ecumenical conference to examine        this issue, held in Jerusalem in April this year, under        the auspices of  Sabeel, over 600 delegates affirmed a        declaration which included the following. “We reject the        heretical teachings of Christian Zionism that facilitate        and support … a form of racial exclusivity and perpetual        war rather than the gospel of universal love, redemption        and reconciliation taught by Jesus Christ.
        
       Rather than condemn the world to        the doom of Armageddon we call upon everyone to liberate        themselves from ideologies of militarism and occupation        and instead to pursue the healing of the world … 
        
       We will stand for justice. We can        do no other.  Justice alone guarantees a peace that will        lead to reconciliation and a life of security and        prosperity for all the peoples of our land.  By standing        on the side of justice, we open ourselves to the work of        peace -- and working for peace makes us children of        God.”
        
       Garth Hewitt has written many songs        about the plight of the Christian community in Israel        and Palestine. One of them, based on some verses from        the Jewish Talmud[* see note top of page this article, to even mention the Talmud is the fly in the ointment that spoils it ALL, the Talmud is the source of Christian Zionism - both are damned by God forever!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!], is called ‘Ten measures of beauty God        gave to the world’.  I would like to close by using it        as a prayer.
        
       May the justice of God fall down        like fire 
       and bring a home for the        Palestinian. 
       May the mercy of God pour down like        rain 
       and protect the Jewish people. 
       And may the beautiful eyes of a        Holy God 
       who weeps for His children 
       Bring the healing hope for His        wounded ones 
       For the Jew and the Palestinian.
       ©    Stephen Sizer -24th August        2004 
       Notes 
               
                     [1] Mike Evans, Israel, America’s Key to Survival,        (Plainfield, NJ: Haven Books), back page, p. xv.
                     [2]   Dale Crowley, ‘Errors and Deceptions of        Dispensational Teachings.’ Capital Hill Voice,        (1996-1997), cited in Halsell, op.cit., p5. Grace        Halsell herself defines Christian Zionism as a cult. See        Halsell, op.cit., p31.
                     [3]   Grace Halsell, ‘Israeli Extremists and        Christian Fundamentalists: The Alliance’, Washington        Report, December (1988), p31.
                     [4]   ‘Christians Call for a United Jerusalem’ New        York Times, 18 April (1997),  http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/united.html
                     [5]   Halsell, Forcing, op.cit., p50.
                     [6]     Halsell, Forcing, op.cit., p50.
                     [7]     Grace Halsell, Prophecy and Politics,        (Westport, Connecticut, Lawrence Hill, 1986), p178.
                     [8]                http://www.israelunitycoalition.com
                     [9]  Stanley J. Grenz, The Millennial Maze, (Downers        Grove, Illinois, InterVarsity, 1992), p92; Hal Lindsey,        The Late Great Planet Earth, (London, Lakeland, 1970),        pp43, 53-58; Hannah Hurnard, Watchman on the Walls,        (London, Olive Press, 1950), pp11-12.
                     [10]  Louis T. Talbot & William W. Orr, The Nation        of Israel and the Word of God!, (Los Angeles, Bible        Institute of Los Angeles, 1948), p8.
                     [11]   Donald Wagner, ‘Evangelicals and Israel:        Theological Roots of a Political Alliance’ The Christian        Century, November 4, (1998), pp1020-1026.
                     [12]   Jimmy Carter, The Blood of Abraham, (London,        Sidgwick & Jackson, 1985). 
                     [13]   Speech by President Jimmy Carter on 1 May        1978, Department of State Bulletin, vol. 78, No. 2015,        (1978), p4, cited in Sharif, op.cit., p136.
                     [14]   Donald Wagner, ‘Beyond Armageddon’, The Link,        New York: Americans for Middle East Understanding;        October-November, (1992), p5.
                     [15]  Halsell, Prophecy., op.cit., p47
                     [16]  Ibid.
                     [17]   Ronnie Dugger, ‘Does Reagan Expect a Nuclear        Armageddon?’ Washington Post, 18 April (1984).
                     [18]   George Bush, Speech to the American Jewish        Committee, May 3, (2001),              http://www.us-israel.org/jsource/US-Israel/presquote.html       
                     [19]  Michael Lind, ‘The Israel Lobby and American        Power’ Prospect, April (2002), pp22-29; Halsell,        Prophecy., op.cit.
                     [20] Israel Shahak, “Ability of U.S. Jewish Groups        to set Clinton Agenda Depends on Media.” Washington        Report, June 1995, pp. 10, 94.
                     [21] Publisher’s Page, Washington Report, June 1995,        pp. 122.
                     [22]   Ibid.
                     [23] Allan C. Brownfeld, ‘Fundamentalists and the        Millennium: A Potential Threat to Middle Eastern Peace’        The Washington Report, June (1999), pp82-84.
                     [24]  Donald Wagner, ‘Evangelicals and Israel:        Theological Roots of a Political Alliance.’ The        Christian Century, November 4, (1998), pp1020-1026.
                     [25]   Brownfeld, op.cit., pp82-84.
                     [26]  Wagner, ‘Evangelicals’, op.cit., pp1020-1026.
                     [27]               http://www.nljonline.com/feb02
                     [28]  Wagner, ‘Evangelicals’, op.cit., pp1020-1026.       
                     [29]  Brownfeld, op.cit., pp82-84.
                     [30]  Jerry Falwell,              http://falwell.com/action%20alerts/actnow.htm
                     [31]  Regular meetings between Christian Zionist        leaders and Israeli officials take place such as at        Harvard Business School. At one held in early 2002,        participants included Avigdor Itzchaki, the Director        General of the Israeli cabinet, James Watt, former        Secretary of the Interior, Mike Evans and Richard        Hellman of CIPAC. Those invited also included Tony        Campolo, James Dobson, Kenneth Copeland, Robert        Schuller, Chuck Smith, Joyce Meyers, E.V. Hill and        Marlin Maddoux. 
                     [32]     Cited in Prior, op.cit., p143.
                     [33]   Hal Lindsey, ‘The UN & Israel’ International        Intelligence Briefing, 29th October (1998):        http://www.iib-report.com/pages/transcripts/10.29.98/oct29.htm.        Emphasis in the original.
                     [34]     In July 2001 the Rabbinical Council of        Judea, Samaria and Gaza called on all rabbis to bring        their communities to visit the Temple Mount. This was        the first time that a group of rabbis representing a        significant proportion of the religious Jewish community        had ruled that it was permissible for Jews to ascend the        Temple Mount. Previously this had been forbidden to        orthodox Jews. The rabbis also called upon the Yesha        Council of Jewish settlements to organise mass visits to        the Temple Mount from the settlements which comprise the        more right wing religious Jews. See N. Shragai, ‘Rabbis        call for mass visits to Temple Mount,’ Ha’aretz, 19 July        (2001). 
                     [35]   ‘Open Letter to Evangelical Christians from        Jews for Jesus: Now is the Time to Stand with Israel.’        The New York Times, 23 October (2000).
                     [36]   Michael Lind, ‘The Israel Lobby’, Prospect,        April (2002).
                     [37]     Wagner, Anxious., op.cit., p107.
                     [38]     Lind, op.cit.
                     [39]     Ibid.
                     [40]     Ibid.
                     [41]   Ibid.
                     [42]   Shirley Eber, ‘Getting Stoned on Holiday:        Tourism on the Front Line’. In Focus: Tourism Concern.        2, Autumn (1991), pp4-5.
                     [43]     Glen Owen ‘Tourists warned to avoid        flashpoints.’ The Times, 14 August (1997), p2.
       1                                 [44]Don Wagner, 'Beyond Armageddon'. The Link        (Americans for Middle East Understanding) Vol. 25 No. 4        October/November (1992) p. 3.
                     [45]     ‘Aliyah’ means ‘going up’ and is used to        describe going up to Jerusalem on pilgrimage. The Israel        government plays down the involvement of Christians in        bring Jews from the FSU. Brearley claims only 2% of the        Jewish Agency budget for ‘airlifting’ Soviet immigrants        has been contributed by Christian Zionists. This only        includes donations made directly to the Jewish Agency.        Margaret Brearley, ‘Jerusalem for Christian Zionists’ in        Jerusalem, Past and Present in the Purposes of God,        edited by P.W.L. Walker (Croydon, Deo Gloria Trust,        1992), p112;              http://www.christiansforisrael.org
                     [46]                  http://www.christiansforisrael.org   
                     [47]     Patricia Golan, ‘On Wings of Faith’        Jerusalem Post, 20 December 2001.
                     [48]     Ibid.
                     [49]     Wagner, op.cit., p108; Golan, op.cit.
                     [50]   David Allen Lewis, ‘Christian Zionist        Theses’, Christians and Israel, (Jerusalem,        International Christian Embassy, Jerusalem, 1996), p9.
                     [51]     Bridges for Peace ‘The Golan Heights Déjà        vu’, Despatch from Jerusalem, September (1999), pp10-11.       
                     [52] ‘Israeli Settlements in the Occupied        Territories’ Foundation for Middle East Peace, March        (2002). FMEP list 190 settlements with a total        population of 213,672 in the West Bank and Gaza; 170,400        in East Jerusalem; and 17,000 in the Golan Heights,        making a total of 401,072 settlers based on 2001        figures.
                     [53]                  http://www.cfoic.com
                     [54]              Ibid.
                     [55] Wagner, Anxious, op.cit., p108.
                     [56]     International Christian Embassy,        http://www.icej.org.il/about.html; ‘Life in the        Settlements’, Word from Jerusalem, May (2002), p7.
                     [57]     International Christian Embassy,        ‘Bulletproof Bus for Efrat’ appeal, Word from Jerusalem,        May (2002).
                     [58]     Bridges for Peace, ‘New Life on the Farm’        Despatch from Jerusalem, January (2000), p5.
                     [59]     Donald Wagner, Anxious, op.cit., p108.
                     [60] ‘Bill to re-locate the United States Embassy        from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem’,        http://www.usdoj.gov/olc/s770.16.htm
                     [61] Middle East Realities 'Lie of the Week'         MiddleEast@aol.com, 01/11/95
                     [62] Donald Neff, ‘Congress has been irresponsible        on the issue of Jerusalem’, Washington Report, January        (1998), pp90-91.
                     [63] ‘Christians Call for a United Jerusalem’ New        York Times, 18 April (1997),         http://www.cdn-friends-icej.ca/united.html
                     [64] Ibid.
                     [65] Jerry Falwell Ministries, ‘Keep Jerusalem Free        Petition,’ http://falwell.com/
                     [66] Brickner, Future, op.cit., p137.
                     [67] Lindsey, Planet, op.cit., p156; Final, op.cit.,        p103.
                     [68] Rich Robinson, ‘Israeli Groups Involved in        Third Temple Activities’ Jews for Jesus Newsletter 10,        (1993), http://www.jewsforjesus.org
                     [69] Nadav Shragai, ‘Dreaming of a Third Temple’,        Ha’aretz, 17 September (1998), p3, cited in Price,        Coming, op.cit., p417.
                     [70] Sam Kiley, ‘The righteous will survive and the        rest will perish’ The Times, 13 December (1999), p39.
                     [71] Grace Halsell, ‘The Hidden Hand of the Temple        Mount Faithful’ The Washington Report, January (1991),        p8.
                     [72] Randall Price incorrectly attributes this story        to Time when it actually appeared in Newsweek. He also        misspells one of the contributor’s names. Price, Coming,        op.cit.,  p375. ‘Red Heifers’ New York Times, 27        December (1998), cited in Halsell, Forcing, p65. 
       ‘Shortly after this Rev. Lott (who        is also a cattleman by trade) came to possess a red        heifer that met all the biblical qualifications of        Numbers chapter 19. Since that historic time in,        November 11, 1994 God has miraculously unveiled His        divine plan for the restoration of Israel, to the        Church. The Holy Ghost has worked during this time to        reveal to Apostolic ministers and laymen the need to        unify their efforts in order to see this project move        forward, both in the Spirit and in the natural. August        11, 1998 Israel is expecting to receive from Canaan Land        Restoration, 500 head of registered Red Angus Heifers.’        Joe Atkins, ‘Biblical mystery of the red heifer affects        farmer in Mississippi’ The Daily Mississippian, 23 July        (1998); Ethan Bronner, ‘Portent in a Pasture? Appearance        of Rare Heifer in Israel Spurs Hopes, Fears’, The Boston        Globe, Sunday, April 6, (1997), pp1, 22.
                     [73] Kendall Hamilton, Joseph Contreras & Mark        Dennis, ‘The Strange Case of Israel’s Red Heifer,’        Newsweek, May 19, (1997).
                     [74]     Jeremy Shere, ‘A Very Holy Cow’ Jerusalem        Post, May 25, (1997).
                     [75] Halsell, Prophecy, op.cit., p106.
                     [76]     Lawrence Wright, ‘Forcing the End’,        Frontline,        http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/readings/forcing.html
                     [77] Cited in Halsell, Forcing, op.cit., p100.
                     [78] Julia Duin, “Zionists meeting brands ‘road map        a heresy’ The Washington Times,        www.washingtontimes.com/national/20030518-114058-5626r.htm       
                     [79] Mike Evans, Israel, America’s Key to Survival,        (Plainfield, New Jersey, Haven Books, 1980), back page,        xv.
                     [80] Noah Hutchings, U.S. in Prophecy, (Oklahoma        City, Hearthstone Publishing, 2000); Arno Froese, Terror        in America, Understanding the Tragedy, (West Columbia,        Olive Press, 2001); Mark Hitchcock, Is America in        Prophecy? (Portland, Oregon, Multnomah, 2002); Hal        Lindsey, Where is America in Prophecy? video (Murrieta,        California, Hal Lindsey Ministries, 2001).
                     [81] Michael Lienesch, Redeeming America: Piety and        Politics in the New Christian Right, (Chapel Hill, North        Carolina, University of North Carolina, 1993), p197.
                     [82] Simon, op.cit., pp71-72. 
                     [83] Bennett, op.cit., p23.
                     [84] Ibid., p21.
                     [85] Ibid., p23; John Laffin, The Arab Mind,        (London, Cassell, 1975), p70. 
                     [86] Charlotte Observer, 16th October (2000).
                     [87] Christian Daily News, 4 February, (1999)        http://www.christiannews.org/archives/1999/20499/news/full.html
                     [88] Ibid.
                     [89] Ibid.
                     [90] Dave Hunt, ‘O Jerusalem, Jerusalem.’ TBC,        September 2000.
                     [91]   Dick Armey, ‘Hardball with Chris Matthews’,        CNBC, 1st May (2002), cited in ‘Republican Party Leader        calls for Ethnic Cleansing of Palestinians on Prime Time        Talk Show’ The Electronic Intifada,              http://electronicintifada.net/actionitems/020502dickarmey.html        
       See also ‘Rep. Dick Armey calls for        Ethnic Cleansing of Palestinians’ Counterpunch edited by        Alexander Cockburn and Jeffrey St. Clair,              http://www.counterpunch.org/armey0502.html. Dick        Armey and his family are members of Lewisville Bible        Church, Lewisville, Texas.
                     [92] Ibid.
                     [93]  Charles Krauthammer, ‘Mideast Violence: The        Only Way Out’, Washington Post, 15 May (2001); Emmanuel        A. Winston writing in USA Today called for the        ‘resettling the Palestinians in Jordan’ USA Today, 22        February (2002); John Derbyshire, ‘Why don’t I care        about the Palestinians?’, National Review, 9 May (2002);        Clarence Wagner, ‘Apples for Apples, Osama Bin Laden and        Yasser Arafat’, Dispatch from Jerusalem, May (2002), p1,        6, 17.
                     [94] A term coined by William Safire, a former Nixon        speechwriter and conservative Republican who thought        George Bush Snr. was insufficiently pro-Israel. Cited in        Lind, op.cit.
                     [95] Alan Cooperman, ‘Robertson Calls Islam a        Religion of Violence, Mayhem.’ Washington Post. 22        February (2002), pAO2.
                     [96]  The Southern Baptist Convention is a coalition        of 42,000 churches with 16 million members. Since the        1980s it has become increasingly fundamentalist. See              http://www.sbcannualmeeting.org/sbc02/
                     [97]  Richard Vara, ‘Texas secession rumor, attacks        on Islam mark Baptist meeting’, Houston Chronicle, 10        June (2002); Alan Cooperman, ‘Anti-Muslim Remarks Stir        Tempest’, Washington Post 19 June (2002). According to        Cooperman, the newly elected president of the Southern        Baptists, the Rev. Jack Graham defended Vine’s speech as        ‘accurate’.
                     [98] Hal Lindsey, ‘If the blind lead the blind.’        WorldNetDaily.com 5 June 2003.
                     [99] Ibid.
                     [100] Duin, op.cit.
                     [101] Lindsey “Blind” op.cit.
                     [102] Howard Mortman, ‘Don’t ignore Pat Robertson’,        The Frontline, 7 January (2002). http://www.hotlinescoop.com/web/content/columns/extrememortman/020107.htm
                     [103] Pat Robertson, ‘Pat answers your questions on        Israel,’ 700 Club, Christian Broadcasting Network,              http://cbn.org/700club
                     [104] Karen Armstrong, Holy War, The Crusades and        Their Impact on Today’s World, (London, Macmillan,        1988), p377.